Impact of Online Banking on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Afghanistan

This study's primary objective was to examine the effects of online banking on Kabul commercial banks' financial performance. While addressing financial performance and online banking, the following question can be pondered. What is the impact of online banking on the financial performance of commercial banks in Afghanistan? Furthermore, the primary data were examined by using SPSSv.24's descriptive and regression methods. In addition, different regression assumptions, estimating methods, specification checks, and other tests were performed on econometric models. According to the findings of random effect regression analysis, capital sufficiency and cost-effect were closely related to banks' financial performance. The study finds that online banking boosts the financial performance of commercial banks in Afghanistan. Inversely, there is no statistically significant correlation between the financial success of banks in Afghanistan and online banking or bank size. Additionally, there is a plethora of literature and studies on contemporary online banking and financial performance in different countries, However, there is no study on the implication of online banking on the financial performance of financial banks in Afghanistan. Furthermore, the present study found no banking law in Afghanistan to deal with financial technology, digital currency, and online banking. Hence, the present study is expected to enrich the knowledge of online banking and financial performance in the commercial bank of Afghanistan

Assesment of Salinity and Alkalinity of Groundwater and It Relation to the Geochemical Propersties of Soil in a Specific Site of Lasbela Region

The study was conducted on assessment of salinity and alkalinity of groundwater and it relation to the geochemical properties of soil in a specific site of Lasbela region during 2013-14. Field data was collected through questionnaires. Water and soil samples were collected from 32 randomly selected sites. Both soil and water were analyzed for Electrical Conductivity and SAR by following standard procedures. The general trend line showed that soil salinity increased with an increase in water salinity. ECw has significantly affected the soil properties sites. The Alkanity levels both at water and soil differ significantly with each other. Alkanity of soil is increasing with the application of sodic water. Alkanity levels of groundwater used for irrigation of crops didn’t have a significant relation for soil Alkanity at different sites of the study area. There is an inverse relationship between Electrical conductivity and Sodium Adsorption Ratio. The saline groundwater quality from the irrigation to the whole region is although causing reduction in soil alkanity but it is causing lesser impact when compared to the individual sites in the study area. Keywords: Salinity, Alkanity, Sodium Absorption Ratio, Electrical Conductivity, Assessmen

Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Meal or Its Combination with Phytase Enzyme on Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler

Moringa oleifera leaves meal are good source of amino acids, Vitamins, and it has medicinal uses also are rich in carotene level and ascorbic acid with a good amino acid profile its leaves given with combination of Phytase enzyme because Poultry required enzymes which help in feed breakdown because chicken have not enzyme for fibres break down. The using of enzyme have many benefits in poultry diets include not only enhanced feed conversion, performance and nutrient digestibility. The present study was undertaken in order to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves meal or its combination with phytase enzyme on nutrient digestibility of broiler. Two hundred day-old Ross broiler chicks from a commercial hatchery were purchased & after initial weight; birds were arbitrarily separated in groups, i.e. A (control) was offered 0% Moringa oleifera meal whereas; 1.25% (group B), 2.5% (group C) and 3.75% (group D) moringa oleifera leaves meal and with combination of 0 g/kg group A (control), 0.025 g/kg (group B), 0.075 g/kg (group C) and 0.05 g/kg (group D) phytase enzyme provided in broiler feed. Parameters which selected in present research work as, weight gains, feed intake, water intake, feed conversion ratio nutrient digestibility calculated. The results shows that feed intake was significantly higher in group A followed by group B, group C, and group D (g/chick), the higher water intake was recorded in group A, followed by other treated groups B, C and D. Live body weight gain was significantly higher in group C followed by group A, group B, and group D (chick). Feed conversion ratio was significantly (p˂0.05) better in group C, followed by group A, B and group D. Furthermore, crude protein digestibility starter/finisher was recorded significantly higher in group C followed by control group A, group B and group D. Metabolizable energy starter/finisher was Maximum in group C followed by control (A), group B and group D. Keywords- Broiler birds, Moringa oleifera, phytase enzyme, body weight gain, nutrient digestibility. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-10-04 Publication date:May 31st 202

Unknown mutations and genotype/phenotype correlations of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in patients from Saudi Arabia and Pakistan

Background Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous skin disease, associated with defects in the skin permeability barrier. Several but not all genes with underlying mutations have been identified, but a clear correlation between genetic causes and clinical picture has not been described to date. Methods Our study included 19 families from Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Pakistan. All patients were born to consanguineous parents and diagnosed with ARCI. Mutations were analyzed by homozygosity mapping and direct sequencing. Results We have detected mutations in all families in five different genes: TGM1, ABCA12, CYP4F22, NIPAL4, and ALOXE3. Five likely pathogenic variants were unknown so far, a splice site and a missense variant in TGM1, a splice site variant in NIPAL4, and missense variants in ABCA12 and CYP4F22. We attributed TGM1 and ABCA12 mutations to the most severe forms of lamellar and erythematous ichthyoses, respectively, regardless of treatment. Other mutations highlighted the presence of a phenotypic spectrum in ARCI. Conclusion Our results contribute to expanding the mutational spectrum of ARCI and revealed new insights into genotype/phenotype correlations. The findings are instrumental for a faster and more precise diagnosis, a better understanding of the pathophysiology, and the definition of targets for more specific therapies for ARCI

A novel HSF4 gene mutation (p.R405X) causing autosomal recessive congenital cataracts in a large consanguineous family from Pakistan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hereditary cataracts are most frequently inherited as autosomal dominant traits, but can also be inherited in an autosomal recessive or X-linked fashion. To date, 12 loci for autosomal recessive cataracts have been mapped including a locus on chromosome 16q22 containing the disease-causing gene <it>HSF4 </it>(Genbank accession number <ext-link ext-link-id="NM_001040667" ext-link-type="gen">NM_001040667</ext-link>). Here, we describe a family from Pakistan with the first nonsense mutation in <it>HSF4 </it>thus expanding the mutational spectrum of this heat shock transcription factor gene.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A large consanguineous Pakistani family with autosomal recessive cataracts was collected from Quetta. Genetic linkage analysis was performed for the common known autosomal recessive cataracts loci and linkage to a locus containing <it>HSF4 </it>(OMIM 602438) was found. All exons and adjacent splice sites of the heat shock transcription factor 4 gene (<it>HSF4</it>) were sequenced. A mutation-specific restriction enzyme digest (H<it>ph</it>I) was performed for all family members and unrelated controls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The disease phenotype perfectly co-segregated with markers flanking the known cataract gene HSF4, whereas other autosomal recessive loci were excluded. A maximum two-point LOD score with a Zmax = 5.6 at θ = 0 was obtained for D16S421. Direct sequencing of HSF4 revealed the nucleotide exchange c.1213C > T in this family predicting an arginine to stop codon exchange (p.R405X).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We identified the first nonsense mutation (p.R405X) in exon 11 of <it>HSF4 </it>in a large consanguineous Pakistani family with autosomal recessive cataract.</p

Job Stressors and Turnover Intention of Information Technology Executives in Malaysia: The Mediating Role of Employee Well-Being

Information Technology (IT) has emerged as an essential element in developing countries such as Malaysia in supporting the need for regular, real-time, and dependable information in business and industry. The Malaysian government set a target to be a more developed country as a part of Vision 2020, which called for enabling information and communication technology (ICT) to transform Malaysia into a knowledge-based industrial society

Job Stressors and Turnover Intention of Information Technology Executives in Malaysia: The Mediating Role of Employee Well-Being

Information Technology (IT) has emerged as an essential element in developing countries such as Malaysia in supporting the need for regular, real-time, and dependable information in business and industry. The Malaysian government set a target to be a more developed country as a part of Vision 2020, which called for enabling information and communication technology (ICT) to transform Malaysia into a knowledge-based industrial society

Emerging Paradigm of Digital Currency in the Banking System: A New Shift for Afghanistan

From its inception, digital currencies have spread like wildfire, with millions of users participating in a brand-new financial industry worth billions of dollars. As the globe continues to enter the digital age, the use of digital currencies will only increase. In 2018, the e-payments industry generated record-breaking worldwide revenues of $1.9 trillion. The question pondershow Digital Currencies Will Shape the Future of the Banking System in Afghanistan. Obviously, online banking is swift and facilities easy transactions; however, there are challenges to decentralizing some currencies like cryptocurrency. The digital transaction also facilitates cash outflow, and the central bank loses control over the country’s financial system. Money laundering (Hawala) leads to cash outflow; on the other hand, international trade needs a swift banking system. There are ostensible challenges. Most of the Afghan citizens do not have a bank account, and the majority lack English and soft skills to operate online banking inday-to-day business dealings. The current study elaborates on how digital currencies are feasible with the traditional banking system and Afghanistan, and the study is limited to the Banking and digital premise

The Impact of Green Supply Chain Management on Climate Change: Cursory Glance on the Food Industry

The study assesses and ascertains how food industries can use effective green supply chain practices to lessen the effects of climate change. Positioning the supply network and assigning strategic objectives of the study will open insights into the integration of climate change into green supply chain management in the food industry. Implementing green supply chains can result in a dynamic capability that shall enable organizations to respond to uncertain and changing business environments and sustain their position in the market. The outcome can lead organizations to work efficiently, the attainment of which can be regarded as the key to sustaining businesses and competitive advantage. The primary focus of the study is to analyze and ascertain how food industries can use effective green supply chain practices to lessen the effects of climate change

غاڑہ ادبی صنف میں عورت کے جذبات کی ترجمانی : ایک جائزہ

Ghaara is a Pashto folklore genre, which is spoken solely in the kakar belt or region of Balochistan. It is deep-rooted in this region and very common among women. It is spoken on different occasions of life in happy and sad moments. In this genre a woman expresses her feelings and emotions, bitter and pleasant experiences of life in such words and delicacy which is a fine collection and reflection of beauty and decency. Ghaara has a unique and individualistic composition. Though it has the same sense and message like that of Pashto tappa but technically different. It consists of two lines, which are of eight syllable each. It has a clear meaning and understood by everyone without any confusion. Due to its clear meaning and message, it attracts the people towards itself. The people are very conscious and love to speak Ghaara, and this is the reason that this folkloric genre is dealt as the symbol of atheism and attractiveness in the Pashto folklore. But unfortunately, no considerable work has been done on this genre. Pashtoon women in this genre express their deep feelings and emotions in such a way which cannot be possible in usual life. This research study focusses technical composition of ghaara and also examines existing romantic feelings in the composition of ghaara among women in pashtoon society of Balochistan.